Kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic yog cov thev naus laus zis uas ncaj qha hloov lub teeb lub zog rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los ntawm kev siv cov nyhuv photovoltaic volts ntawm lub semiconductor interface. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuab no yog lub hnub ci cell. Tom qab lub hnub ci cell yog encapsulated thiab tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv series, ib tug loj cheeb tsam ntawm lub hnub ci modules yuav tsim, thiab ces ua ke nrog cov khoom xws li lub hwj chim controllers, ib tug photovoltaic fais fab tuag ntaus ntawv yog tsim.
Txoj cai ntawm lub hnub ci hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob
1. N-hom semiconductors thiab P-hom semiconductors
Intrinsic semiconductors, yog cov ntshiab semiconductors nrog cov qauv siv lead ua tsim covalent bonds ntawm atoms. Ob lub electrons nyob rau hauv covalent daim ntawv cog lus yog hu ua valence electrons.
Valence electrons tuaj yeem tawg tawm ntawm lub shackles ntawm lub nucleus thiab dhau los ua cov hluav taws xob dawb (tsis zoo them) tom qab tau txais qee lub zog (kub nce lossis teeb pom kev zoo), thaum tawm hauv qhov chaw nyob hauv covalent daim ntawv cog lus, uas yog hu ua lub qhov (zoo them ). Ob qho tib si dawb electrons thiab qhov yog hu ua cov cab kuj, thiab cov neeg nqa khoom hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv nruab nrab yog tsawg heev, cov hluav taws xob conductivity tsis zoo.
Kev koom ua ke ntawm cov kab ntawm cov impurities (qee lub ntsiab lus) rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv nruab nrab ua ib qho impurity semiconductor, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho nws cov conductivity.
Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm pentavalent phosphorus hloov cov silicon atom, thiab plaub ntawm tsib txheej electrons ntawm txheej txheej ntawm phosphorus atom tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus nrog rau ib puag ncig semiconductor atoms, thiab cov hluav taws xob ntxiv yuav luag tsis muaj thiab yooj yim dua los ua ib qho hluav taws xob dawb. Yog li ntawd, tus naj npawb ntawm cov hluav taws xob dawb nce tom qab doping, thiab cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob dawb tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no, hu ua N-hom semiconductor.
Thaum trivalent boron tau koom ua ke los hloov cov silicon atom, ib "lub qhov" yog tsim thaum peb txheej electrons ntawm txheej txheej ntawm boron atom tsim ib tug covalent daim ntawv cog lus nrog ib ncig ntawm semiconductor atoms. Yog li ntawd, tus naj npawb ntawm qhov tom qab doping nce ntau, thiab lub qhov conduction yog lub ntsiab conductive txoj kev ntawm no semiconductor, hu ua P-hom semiconductor.
Ob hom N thiab P-hom semiconductors yog nruab nrab thiab tsis qhia cov khoom hluav taws xob rau sab nraud.
Cov electrons ntawm N-hom semiconductors yog cov cab kuj feem ntau, thiab qhov yog cov neeg nqa khoom tsawg.
Lub qhov ntawm P-hom semiconductors yog cov cab kuj feem ntau, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog cov cab kuj tsawg.
2. "PN junction" thiab "photovoltaic volts effect"
PN kev sib tshuam yog tsim los ntawm thaj tsam N-doped thiab thaj tsam P-hom doping nyob ze. Ntawm ib qho ua tiav ntawm silicon wafer, cov txheej txheem doping sib txawv yog siv los ua N-hom semiconductors ntawm ib sab thiab P-hom semiconductors nyob rau sab nraud. Lub cheeb tsam ze ntawm lub interface ntawm ob hom semiconductors yog PN hlws ris. Lub hauv paus qauv ntawm lub hnub ci cell yog thaj tsam loj PN kev sib tshuam.
Thaum tshav ntuj los ntawm PN hlws ris, PN hlws ris absorbs lub teeb lub zog kom excite electrons thiab qhov, generating voltage nyob rau hauv lub PN hlws ris, hu ua "photovoltaic volts effect" los yog tsuas yog "photovoltaic effect."
